2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
locale: 'ru'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
header: true
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pronouns:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: true
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
route: 'местоимения'
|
|
|
|
|
default: 'он'
|
|
|
|
|
any: 'любые'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
plurals: true
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
honorifics: false
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
multiple:
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
name: 'Взаимозаменяемые формы'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
description: >
|
2021-11-17 05:17:48 -08:00
|
|
|
|
Многие небинарные люди используют больше, чем одну форму местоимений по отношению к себе.
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
Они чувствуют себя комфортно, когда к ним обращаются по любым из этих местоимений.
|
2021-11-17 05:17:48 -08:00
|
|
|
|
Некоторым в свою очередь нравится, когда при разговоре с ними и о них люди чередуют использование местоимений.
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
examples: ['он/она', 'он/они', 'она/они']
|
|
|
|
|
emoji: false
|
|
|
|
|
slashes: false
|
2021-11-17 05:17:48 -08:00
|
|
|
|
null:
|
|
|
|
|
description: '{/unikanie=Unikanie form nacechowanych płciowo}'
|
|
|
|
|
history: >
|
|
|
|
|
Niektóre osoby niebinarne preferują używanie form unikających precyzowania płci
|
|
|
|
|
zamiast tych nacechowanych czy to binarnie czy niebinarnie.
|
|
|
|
|
Warto też używać ich mówiąc o osobach, których płci nie znamy.
|
|
|
|
|
Choć w silnie zgenderyzowanym języku polskim jest to względnie trudne do zrobienia
|
|
|
|
|
i może lekko zmieniać znaczenie zdania,
|
|
|
|
|
to jednak wcale nie jest niemożliwe.
|
|
|
|
|
routes: ['unikanie']
|
|
|
|
|
ideas:
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Zmiana podmiotu zdania'
|
|
|
|
|
normative: true
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'usłyszałam dzwonek telefonu', 'zadzwonił telefon' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'przestraszyłem się nagłego hałasu', 'jakiś nagły hałas mnie przestraszył' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'powinieneś skoczyć do sklepu', 'trzeba by skoczyć do sklepu' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Strona bierna'
|
|
|
|
|
normative: true
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'zgubił telefon', 'telefon został zgubiony' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'znalazłam telefon', 'telefon został znaleziony' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Forma bezosobowa'
|
|
|
|
|
normative: true
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'pani w urzędzie powiedziała mi', 'w urzędzie powiedziano mi' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'znalazłam telefon', 'znaleziono telefon' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'jak jesteś zalogowany, to możesz edytować wpisy', 'jak się jest zalogowanym, można edytować wpisy' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Bezosobowe użycie 3. os. mnogiej'
|
|
|
|
|
normative: true
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'pani w urzędzie powiedziała mi', 'w urzędzie powiedzieli mi' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Podmiot logiczny w celowniku'
|
|
|
|
|
normative: true
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'przypomniałem sobie', 'przypomniało mi się' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'zmarzłam', 'zrobiło mi się zimno' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'zrobiłem', 'udało mi się zrobić' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Bezokolicznikowy czas przyszły'
|
|
|
|
|
normative: true
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'będę robiła', 'będę robić' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'będę jadł', 'będę jeść' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Czas teraźniejszy i przyszły zamiast przeszłego'
|
|
|
|
|
normative: true
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'gdy robiłem wczoraj obiad, skaleczyłem się nożem', 'robię wczoraj obiad i jak się nie skaleczę' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Imiesłowy'
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'usiadłem na kanapie', 'usiadłszy na kanapie' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'wypiłam herbatę', 'wypiwszy herbatę' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'posprzątałem mieszkanie', 'mieszkanie posprzątane' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Unikanie trybu przypuszczającego'
|
|
|
|
|
normative: true
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'czy mógłbyś mi pomóc?', 'czy możesz mi pomóc?' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'może bym tak pojechała na wakacje?', 'może pojadę na wakacje?' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Osobatywy i inne normatywne neutralne rzeczowniki'
|
|
|
|
|
normative: true
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'zarządca', 'osoba zarządzająca' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'kandydaci i kandydatki', 'osoby kandydujące' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'proszę przyjść do szkoły z mamą lub tatą', 'proszę przyjść do szkoły z opiekunem' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'mama i tata Ani są bardzo mili', 'rodzice Ani są bardzo mili' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'dziennikarze oko.press', 'redakcja oko.press' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'fani Mariny', 'fandom Mariny' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Skrócone zaimki'
|
|
|
|
|
description: 'Choć historycznie formy te są męskie, to współcześnie są na tyle rzadko używanie, że warto próbować je reinterpretować.'
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'to dla niego', 'to dlań' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'mieszkam u niej', 'mieszkam uń' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Skrócone zaimki + strona bierna'
|
|
|
|
|
description: 'Choć historycznie formy te są męskie, to współcześnie są na tyle rzadko używanie, że warto próbować je reinterpretować.'
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'zrobiła', 'było przezeń zrobione' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Staropolska, rzeczownikowa odmiana przymiotników'
|
|
|
|
|
description: 'Choć historycznie formy te są męskie, to współcześnie są na tyle rzadko używanie, że warto próbować je reinterpretować.'
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'jestem szczęśliwa!', 'jestem szczęśliw!' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'czemu jesteś taki zmartwiony?', 'czemu jesteś tak zmartwion?' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Wyrzutnia / elipsa'
|
|
|
|
|
normative: true
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'coś bym dziś porobiło', 'coś bym dziś' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Skróty'
|
|
|
|
|
normative: true
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'Katarzyna Nowak', 'K. Nowak' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'Szanowny Pan Białek', 'Sz. P. Białek' ]
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'Towarzyszka Q', 'Tow. Q' ]
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
header: 'Liczebniki zbiorowe'
|
|
|
|
|
normative: true
|
|
|
|
|
examples:
|
|
|
|
|
- [ 'dziesięciu pracowników', 'dziesięcioro pracujących' ]
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
others: 'Другие местоимения'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
pronunciation:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: true
|
|
|
|
|
voices:
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
GB:
|
|
|
|
|
language: 'ru-RU'
|
|
|
|
|
voice: 'Tatyana'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
engine: 'standard'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
sources:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: true
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
route: 'источник'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
submit: true
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
mergePronouns: {}
|
|
|
|
|
extraTypes: []
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nouns:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: true
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
route: 'словарь'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
collapsable: false
|
|
|
|
|
plurals: true
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
pluralsRequired: false
|
|
|
|
|
declension: false
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
submit: true
|
|
|
|
|
templates: true
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
community:
|
2021-11-17 05:17:48 -08:00
|
|
|
|
route: 'календарь'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
inclusive:
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
enabled: false
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
terminology:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: true
|
|
|
|
|
published: true
|
|
|
|
|
categories:
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
- 'сексуальная ориентация'
|
|
|
|
|
- 'романтическая ориентация'
|
|
|
|
|
- 'третичная ориентация'
|
|
|
|
|
- 'гендер'
|
|
|
|
|
- 'гендерная экспрессия'
|
|
|
|
|
- 'модель отношений'
|
|
|
|
|
- 'язык'
|
|
|
|
|
- 'влечение'
|
|
|
|
|
- 'политические взгляды'
|
|
|
|
|
route: 'условия'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
names:
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
enabled: false
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
people:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: false
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
english:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: false
|
2021-11-17 05:17:48 -08:00
|
|
|
|
route: 'english'
|
|
|
|
|
pronounGroups:
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
name: 'Normative forms'
|
|
|
|
|
description:
|
|
|
|
|
- >
|
|
|
|
|
Because of the limitations of Polish grammar, or simply because they just prefer it that way,
|
|
|
|
|
many nonbinary people decide to simply use “he” ({/on=„on”}) or “she” ({/ona=„ona”})
|
|
|
|
|
– either the same as their gender assigned at birth or the opposite.
|
|
|
|
|
That doesn't make them any less nonbinary! Pronouns ≠ gender.
|
|
|
|
|
table: {on: 'Masculine', ona: 'Feminine'}
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
name: 'Neutrative forms'
|
|
|
|
|
description:
|
|
|
|
|
- >
|
|
|
|
|
Polish has three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine and neuter.
|
|
|
|
|
Why don't enbies simply use neuter then?
|
|
|
|
|
- >
|
|
|
|
|
The thing is, historically this grammatical gender has only been applied
|
|
|
|
|
to inanimate objects, pets and kids (in a very limited way).
|
|
|
|
|
To apply it for adults sounds dehumanizing for most cis listeners
|
|
|
|
|
and using the neuter forms of verbs in the 1st and 2nd person
|
|
|
|
|
is so rare that listeners (falsely) think that it's incorrect.
|
|
|
|
|
Eg. one could say „dziecko zrobił<strong>o</strong>” (=“the kid has done”),
|
|
|
|
|
but the kid themselves would use the forms corresponding to their assigned gender:
|
|
|
|
|
„zrobił<strong>em</strong>”/„zrobił<strong>am</strong>” (=“I have done”),
|
|
|
|
|
but not „zrobił<strong>om</strong>”.
|
|
|
|
|
- >
|
|
|
|
|
In a way, a parallel could be drawn between the Polish neuter forms and the English “it” pronoun.
|
|
|
|
|
To call someone an “it” is offensive
|
|
|
|
|
– unless it itself wants us to use “it/its” {https://twitter.com/search?q=it%2Fits&f=user=(and many do)}.
|
|
|
|
|
The main difference is that English has singular “they”,
|
|
|
|
|
while Polish doesn't yet have any normative form that would fit better.
|
|
|
|
|
That's why English “it” is niche,
|
|
|
|
|
while Polish neuter is one of the most popular choices among nonbinary people
|
|
|
|
|
(including ones who use "they" in English),
|
|
|
|
|
in hopes of normalising the new usage.
|
|
|
|
|
- >
|
|
|
|
|
There's one more issue with neuter, though: it is neutral in nominative (the “who?”),
|
|
|
|
|
but in other cases (the “whose?”, “whom?”, etc.) if falls back to being identical to masculine forms.
|
|
|
|
|
That's why some enbies mix multiple forms, for instance using neuter verbs, yet feminine pronouns, etc.
|
|
|
|
|
table: {ono: 'Neutrative', ono/jej: 'Neutrative with female declension'}
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
name: 'Neopronouns (dukaisms)'
|
|
|
|
|
description:
|
|
|
|
|
- >
|
|
|
|
|
Those forms are neologisms, originally created for a science fiction novel
|
|
|
|
|
{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_Imperfection=Perfect Imperfection}
|
|
|
|
|
by {https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacek_Dukaj=Jacek Dukaj} (hence they are also known as “dukaisms”).
|
|
|
|
|
It's a brand new grammatical gender used by post-human beings (phoebe) that don't have a specified gender.
|
|
|
|
|
- >
|
|
|
|
|
It's a consistent and relatively complete system, but for people who hear it for the first time,
|
|
|
|
|
it might sound alien and “incorrect”.
|
|
|
|
|
It's one of the most popular choices among nonbinary folks.
|
|
|
|
|
table: {onu: ''}
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
name: 'Plural forms'
|
|
|
|
|
description:
|
|
|
|
|
- >
|
|
|
|
|
Using plural forms to describe a single person is basically a loan translation
|
|
|
|
|
of the English {https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/singular-nonbinary-they=“singular they”},
|
|
|
|
|
but it does have roots in Polish {https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_wy=historical and regional honorifics} as well.
|
|
|
|
|
Keep in mind, though, that Polish speakers aren't yet too used to the idea of referring to one person in plural forms,
|
|
|
|
|
so it might lead to misunderstandings.
|
|
|
|
|
- >
|
|
|
|
|
The bad news is that there's two grammatical genders in plural:
|
|
|
|
|
„{/oni=oni}” for male and mixed-gender groups, and „{/one=one}” for female groups
|
|
|
|
|
(to oversimplify a lot).
|
|
|
|
|
Still, whichever forms is chosen by a person, the plurality itself already points to them being nonbinary.
|
|
|
|
|
- >
|
|
|
|
|
Unlike the English “singular they”, which only requires changing the third person form,
|
|
|
|
|
in Polish this requires plural forms to be used also in first and second person.
|
|
|
|
|
In the case of first person, it might be perceived as something akin to the “royal we”.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
table: {oni: 'Male & mixed plurals', one: 'Female plurals'}
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
name: 'Placeholder forms'
|
|
|
|
|
description:
|
|
|
|
|
- >
|
|
|
|
|
Another approach is to take the part of the word that differs between the male and female form,
|
|
|
|
|
and to either replace it with a placeholder, or use the placeholder to merge those parts together.
|
|
|
|
|
For instance “dear readers” can be translated as „drodzy_gie czytelnicy_czki”,
|
|
|
|
|
„drodzy/gie czytelnicy/czki”, „drog* czytelnic*”, etc.
|
|
|
|
|
- >
|
|
|
|
|
The main usage of such forms is to address a group of people or an unspecified person
|
|
|
|
|
(“dear reader”), however there are nonbinary people who use similar approach in the first person too.
|
|
|
|
|
It's very easy to understand the intent behind using those forms,
|
|
|
|
|
even to listeners unfamiliar with the concept of nonbinary.
|
|
|
|
|
The main disadvantage is that in most cases they are only usable in writing,
|
|
|
|
|
while being hard or impossible to pronounce.
|
|
|
|
|
table: {onæ: '', on/a: '', onx: '', on_: '', on*: '', onø: ''}
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
name: 'Interchangeable forms'
|
|
|
|
|
description:
|
|
|
|
|
- >
|
|
|
|
|
Many nonbinary people use more than one form interchangeably and are fine with being called either of them.
|
|
|
|
|
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
faq:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: true
|
2021-11-17 05:17:48 -08:00
|
|
|
|
route: 'часто-задаваемые-вопросы'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
links:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: true
|
2021-11-17 05:32:57 -08:00
|
|
|
|
split: true
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
route: 'ссылки'
|
|
|
|
|
blogRoute: 'блог'
|
2021-11-17 05:32:57 -08:00
|
|
|
|
academicRoute: 'nauka'
|
|
|
|
|
mediaRoute: 'media'
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
blog: false
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
links:
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
icon: 'globe-europe'
|
|
|
|
|
url: 'https://pronoun.is/'
|
|
|
|
|
headline: 'Pronoun.is'
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
extra: '– сайт был вдохновлен этим.'
|
2021-11-17 05:32:57 -08:00
|
|
|
|
recommended: []
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
mediaGuests: []
|
|
|
|
|
mediaMentions: []
|
2021-11-17 05:32:57 -08:00
|
|
|
|
academic: []
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
socials:
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
icon: 'twitter'
|
|
|
|
|
iconSet: 'b'
|
|
|
|
|
url: 'https://twitter.com/PronounsPage'
|
|
|
|
|
headline: '@PronounsPage'
|
2021-11-17 05:32:57 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
zine:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: false
|
|
|
|
|
route: 'zin'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
contact:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: true
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
route: 'связаться с нами'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
contacts:
|
|
|
|
|
-
|
|
|
|
|
icon: 'envelope'
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
url: 'mailto:contact@pronouns.page'
|
|
|
|
|
headline: 'contact@pronouns.page'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
team:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: true
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
route: 'команда'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
support:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: true
|
|
|
|
|
links: []
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
user:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: true
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
route: 'аккаунт'
|
|
|
|
|
termsRoute: 'условия'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
profile:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: true
|
|
|
|
|
editorEnabled: true
|
|
|
|
|
defaultWords:
|
2021-11-17 05:17:48 -08:00
|
|
|
|
- ['[без почтительного обращения]', 'обращение на ты', 'обращение на вы', 'господин', 'госпожа', 'госпожне', 'микс', 'мистер', 'мисс/миссис']
|
|
|
|
|
- ['человек', 'персона', 'мужчина', 'женщина', 'дева', 'леди', 'чувак', 'чувиха', 'мальчик', 'парень', 'юноша', 'девочка', 'девушка', 'приятель', 'приятельница', 'товарищ', 'товарка', 'чел', 'бро', 'сис', 'сиб']
|
|
|
|
|
- ['милы_е', 'привлекательны_е', 'красив_ые', 'симпатичны_е', 'горячи_е', 'сексуальны_е', 'феминитивы', 'маскулятивы', 'нейтралятивы']
|
|
|
|
|
- ['друг', 'подруга', 'партнер', 'партнерка', 'парень', 'молодой человек', 'девушка', 'муж', 'жена', 'дорог_ие', 'любимы_е']
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
flags:
|
2021-11-16 11:00:49 -08:00
|
|
|
|
defaultPronoun: 'он_'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
calendar:
|
|
|
|
|
enabled: true
|
2021-11-17 05:17:48 -08:00
|
|
|
|
route: 'календарь'
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
census:
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
enabled: false
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
redirects: []
|
2021-11-16 08:21:03 -08:00
|
|
|
|
|
2021-11-16 09:09:09 -08:00
|
|
|
|
api: ~
|