27 lines
5.9 KiB
Plaintext
27 lines
5.9 KiB
Plaintext
key description normative pronoun_subject pronoun_object possessive_determiner possessive_pronoun reflexive plural pluralHonorific pronounceable history thirdForm smallForm sourcesInfo
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he,he/him Normative “he/him” TRUE he him his his himself FALSE FALSE TRUE
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she,she/her Normative “she/her” TRUE she her her hers herself FALSE FALSE TRUE
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they,they/them Singular “they” TRUE they them their theirs themselves TRUE TRUE TRUE Singular “they” has been used in English to describe an unspecified person since the late 1300s (it's even older than singular “you”!). Nowadays, it's the most popular choice among people who prefer gender neutral forms. It starts being {https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/singular-nonbinary-they=accepted by dictionaries} too.@It is also common to use {/they/them/themself=“themself”} as a reflexive form. reflexive This list of sources includes both the version with {/they=“themselves”} and {/they/them/themselves=“themself”}, as well as those that don't happen to use reflexive.
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they/them/themself Singular “they” TRUE they them their theirs themself TRUE TRUE TRUE Singular “they” has been used in English to describe an unspecified person since the late 1300s (it's even older than singular “you”!). Nowadays, it's the most popular choice among people who prefer gender neutral forms. It starts being {https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/singular-nonbinary-they=accepted by dictionaries} too.@It is also common to use {/they=“themselves”} as a reflexive form. reflexive This list of sources includes both the version with {/they=“themselves”} and {/they/them/themselves=“themself”}, as well as those that don't happen to use reflexive.
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it,it/it,it/its Personal “it” TRUE it it its its itself FALSE FALSE TRUE Although “it” is normally used for objects, not people, some actually do like being called that way. If someone wants you to call it “it”, it's not offensive – it's actually respectful. But remember that it/its pronouns have a history of transphobic use, so only with people who explicitly wish it.
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one,one/one's Specific “one” TRUE one one one's one's oneself FALSE FALSE TRUE “One” is used in formal English when talking about a general or a hypothetical person. Recently people started using “one” also as their personal pronoun.
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ae,æ,ae/aer,æ/ær Neopronoun “ae” / “æ” FALSE ae|eɪ aer|ɛɹ aer|ɛɹ aers|ɛɹz aerself|ɛɹˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE Created by David Lindsay for a 1920 novel <em>A Voyage to Arcturus</em>, where it's used by an alien, third-sex species.
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co,co/cos Neopronoun “co/cos” FALSE co|ko co|ko cos|koz co's|koz coself|koˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE Created by Mary Orovan in 1970, derived from the Indo-European <em>*ko</em>.
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e,e/em/eir Spivak pronouns FALSE e|i em|ɛm eir|ɛɹ eirs|ɛɹz emself|ɛmˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE Coined by Michael Spivak in 1990 for his manual <em>The Joy of TeX</em> to avoid gendering people in the examples. possessive_determiner
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e/em/es Neopronoun “e/em/es” FALSE e|i em|ɛm es|iz ems|ɛmz emself|ɛmˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE First created in 1890 by James Rogers based on {/he=he} and {/them=them} pronoun sets. Since then multiple versions were created, differing in declension and capitalisation. possessive_determiner
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ey,ey/em Elverson pronouns FALSE ey|eɪ em|ɛm eir|ɛɹ eirs|ɛɹz emself|ɛmˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE {https://web.archive.org/web/20211130005355/https://research.cristanwilliams.com/2012/02/24/1975-transgender-cross-gender/=Coined by Christine M. Elverson} in 1975 for a contest to create an alternative to the singular {/they=they}. Those forms are created by dropping “th” from “they”.
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fae,fæ,fae/faer,fæ/fær Neopronoun “fae/faer” FALSE fae|feɪ faer|fɛɹ faer|fɛɹ faers|fɛɹz faerself|fɛɹˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE Created in 2014 by Tumblr user shadaras.
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hu,hu/hum Humanist pronouns FALSE hu|hju hum|hjum hus|hjuz hus|hjuz huself|hjuˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE Coined by Sasha Newborn in 1982, based on the word “human”.
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ne,ne/nem Neopronoun “ne/nem” FALSE ne|ni nem|nəm nir|nəɹ nirs|nəɹz nemself|nəmˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE
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ne/nir Neopronoun “ne/nir” FALSE ne|ni nir|nəɹ nir|nəɹ nirs|nəɹz nirself|nəɹˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE
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per,per/per Person pronouns FALSE per|pəɹ per|pəɹ per|pəɹ pers|pəɹz perself|pəɹˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE Coined by John Clark in an issue of the <em>Newsletter of the American Anthropological Association</em> in 1972, derived from the word “person”.
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s/he,s/he/hir Neopronoun “s/he” FALSE s/he|shi hir|hɪɹ hir|hɪɹ hirs|hɪɹz hirself|hɪɹˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE
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thon,thon/thons Neopronoun “thon” FALSE thon|ðɑn thon|ðɑn thons|ðɑnz thon's|ðɑnz thonself|ðɑnˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE Created by Charles Crozat Converse in 1858, thon/thons/thonself is one of the first known examples of creating a gender neutral pronoun. “Thon” is a contraction of “that one”.
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ve,ve/ver Neopronoun “ve/ver” FALSE ve|vi ver|vəɹ vis|viz vers|vəɹz verself|vəɹˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE Used eg. by Greg Egan in <em>Distress</em> (1995) and <em>Diaspora</em> (1998), and by Keri Hulme in <em>The Bone People</em> (1984).
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vi,vi/vir Neopronoun “vi/vir” FALSE vi|vi vir|viɹ vis|viz virs|viɹz virself|viɹˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE
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vi/vim Neopronoun “vi/vim” FALSE vi|vi vim|vɪm vis|vɪs vims|vɪms vimself|vɪmˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE
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xe,xe/xem Neopronoun “xe/xem” FALSE xe|zi xem|zɛm xyr|ziɹ xyrs|ziɹz xemself|zɛmˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE Coined by Don Rickter in an issue of <em>Unitarian Universalist</em> in 1973.
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ze,ze/hir Neopronoun “ze/hir” FALSE ze|zi hir|hɪɹ hir|hɪɹ hirs|hɪɹz hirself|hɪɹˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE
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ze/zir Neopronoun “ze/zir” FALSE ze|zi zir|zəɹ zir|zəɹ zirs|zəɹz zirself|zəɹˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE Based on the German plural 3rd person pronoun <em>sie</em>.
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zhe,zhe/zher Neopronoun “zhe/zher” FALSE zhe|ʒi zher|ʒəɹ zher|ʒəɹ zhers|ʒəɹz zherself|ʒəɹˈsɛlf FALSE FALSE TRUE
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